Bhumisparsha mudra
The statue of Buddha in bhumisparsha mudra is one of the most iconic representations of the Buddha, symbolizing a crucial moment in his spiritual quest: enlightenment under the bodhi tree at Bodh Gaya. Here’s a detailed description of this posture and its meanings: 1. Hand position – Bhumisparsha Mudra:
The Sanskrit term bhumisparsha means “to touch the earth” (bhumi: earth, sparsha: to touch). In this mudra, the Buddha is depicted seated in meditation with his right hand stretched out towards the ground, palm turned inwards, and fingers touching the earth. The left hand rests on the knees, palm up in the meditation position. This posture symbolizes the moment when the Buddha, seated under the Bodhi tree, calls the earth to witness his right to awakening after overcoming the temptations and assaults of Māra, the demon of delusions. 2. Body posture – Asana:
The Buddha is usually depicted seated in the full lotus posture (padmasana), with legs crossed, feet resting on opposite thighs. The body is straight and relaxed, exuding a sense of calm and stability, reflecting his deep meditative state. 3. Facial expression:
The Buddha’s face in bhumisparsha mudra is often serene and peaceful, with eyes either completely closed or slightly open to symbolize deep meditation and introspection. A slight smile may appear on his lips, suggesting the state of inner contentment after attaining enlightenment. 4. Symbolism of the Bhumisparsha Mudra:
Spiritual awakening: This mudra symbolizes the Buddha’s enlightenment, marking the moment when he reaches Nirvana. Appeal to the earth as witness: The right hand touching the earth recalls the episode where the Buddha invokes the earth to bear witness to his victory over Māra. This symbolizes his determination, courage and spiritual righteousness. Stability and grounding: The act of touching the earth evokes the Buddha’s connection with the physical world, while showing that his spirit transcends worldly distractions. 5. Representation in art:
Buddha statues in bhumisparsha mudra are common in Buddhist temples and pilgrimage sites, notably in Thailand, Sri Lanka, Burma and Cambodia. They are often placed in shrines or on altars, symbolizing the victory of wisdom over illusion, of light over darkness. 6. Style and materials:
Statues can be made from a variety of materials, including stone, bronze, gold or even precious wood. They vary in size, from small portable statues to huge monumental representations in temples.
Details vary according to tradition and region, but the essential elements – the seated posture, the hand touching the ground, and the serene face – remain constant.
7. Historical context:
This episode in the Buddha’s life takes place just before his enlightenment. After meditating all night under the Bodhi tree, and overcoming all the temptations of Māra, he finally attains nirvana at dawn.
The earth is invoked to certify its merit, scaring off Māra and his armies. 8. Significance in spiritual practice:
The bhumisparsha mudra is often used to inspire practitioners to persevere on the spiritual path, to remain grounded and determined despite external distractions and challenges. It is a posture of “resolution” and “victory”, encouraging devotees to remember that wisdom and sincere practice lead to enlightenment. The Buddha statue in bhumisparsha mudra is a powerful symbol of spiritual awakening, of victory over worldly illusions, and of the interconnection between spirit and earth. It recalls a central moment in the Buddha’s life and inspires perseverance and deep meditation.
